User Manual
IMA Journals—Authoring template

English is the default language used for typesetting rules.

Please refrain from using custom fonts.

The template allows four levels of headings in different styles:

\section{<First level heading>}

\subsection{<Second level heading>}

\subsubsection{<Third level heading>}

\paragraph{<Fourth level heading>}

As “amsmath” package provides various features for displayed equations and other mathematical constructs and you are strongly encouraged to use the mark-ups provided by this package. If possible, avoid using manual skips to align an equation.

The standard interface for graphic inclusion is the \includegraphics command provided by the graphicx package. The “draft” option provided by this package locally switches to draft mode, i.e. does not include the graphic, but leaves the correct space, and prints the filename. This option may be used to save the processing time during compilation. Note that the \graphicspath command allows you to declare one or more folders where the graphicx package looks for the image files; hence, it is not necessary to write the path into each \includegraphics command.

The format used for numbered “figures/tables” is similar to the basic LaTeX format:

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics{<image-file-name>}
\caption{<figure caption text>}\label{...}
\end{figure}

In case of double column layout, the above format puts figure captions/images to a single column width. To get spanned images, we need to provide the environment \begin{figure*}...\end{figure*}.

For the purpose of the sample, we have included the width of images in the optional argument of the \includegraphics tag. Please ignore this.

Images exceeding the text width should be set as rotated images. For this, we need to use \begin{sidewaysfigure}...\end{sidewaysfigure} instead of the \begin{figure}...\end{figure} environment. In case of double column layout, this format puts figure captions/images to single column width. To get spanned rotated images, use
\begin{sidewaysfigure*}...\end{sidewaysfigure*}.

If the journal requires that you include a graphical abstract, include this as an unnumbered figure directly after the text abstract with no caption, but adding the \caption package to the preamble and including the image as follows (note the file name for the graphical abstract):

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics{graphical_abstract.jpg}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{}
\label{...}
\end{figure}

The format for table is as follows:

\begin{table}[<float-position>]
\caption{...}\label{<table-label>}
\begin{tabular}{<column-alignment-preamble>}
\toprule
...  & ... & ... & ... \\
\midrule
... & ... & ... & ...\footnotemark{1} \\
... & ... & ... & ... \\
... & ... & ... & ...\footnotemark{2} \\
\botrule
\end{tabular}
\footnotetext{...}
\footnotetext[1]{...}
\footnotetext[2]{...}
\end{table}

Command to be used for rotated tables:

\begin{sidewaystable}...\end{sidewaystable}

To span tables across columns in double column layout:

\begin{table*}...\end{table*}

To span rotated tables across columns in double column layout:

\begin{sidewaystable*}...\end{sidewaystable*}

The default list commands available in LaTeX can be used to set different types of lists:

1. 1.

   numbered: \begin{enumerate}...\end{enumerate}

2. first level–Arabic numerals;

3. second level–lowercase alphabet;

4. third level–lowercase roman numerals;

5. 2.

   unnumbered: \begin{unlist}...\end{unlist}

6. 3.

   custom list: \begin{itemize}...\end{itemize}

7. first level–bulleted;

8. second level–bulleted.

Nested lists are allowed for numbered and custom lists.

For enunciation like environments, we require amsthm package.

Refer to the “amsthm” package documentation for more details about the additional features available for new theorem styles. A predefined “proof” environment is available. This environment prints the “Proof” head in italic style and “body text” in Roman style with an open square at the end of each proof environment.

\begin{proof}...\end{proof}

Footnotes are produced with the standard LaTeX command \footnote{<Some text>}. This typesets a numerical flag at the location of the footnote command and places the footnote text at the bottom of the page.

The packages “algorithm,” “algorithmicx,” and “algpseudocode” are used for setting algorithms in LaTeX. For algorithms, use the below format:

\begin{algorithm}
\caption{<alg-caption>}\label{<alg-label>}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
...
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

Refer the above-listed package documentation for more details before setting algorithms.

To set program codes, the “program” package is required and the command to be used is \begin{program}...\end{program}.

The command \begin{lstlisting}...\end{lstlisting} is used to set “verbatim” like environments. Refer to the ”lstlisting” package documentation for more details.

LaTeX is able to automatically insert hypertext links within a document:

• •

  the \ref{} command adds a clickable link to the referred object;

• •

  the \label{} command automatically inserts a target;

To make a citation in the text, use \citep{...} for a parenthetical citation (Jones et al., 1990), \citet{...} for a textual one, as Jones et al. (1990). Both \citep and \citet are defined by “natbib” and are thus not standard. The standard LaTeX command \cite should be avoided, because it behaves like \citet for author-year citations, but like \citep for numerical ones. There also exist the starred versions \citet* and \citep* that print the full author list, and not just the abbreviated one. All of these may take one or two optional arguments to add some text before and after the citation:

\citet{jon90}	Jones et al. (1990)
\citet[chap.~2]{jon90}	Jones et al. (1990, chap. 2)
\citep{jon90}	(Jones et al., 1990)
\citep[chap.~2]{jon90}	(Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
\citep[see][]{jon90}	(see Jones et al., 1990)
\citep[see][chap.~2]{jon90}	(see Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
\citet*{jon90}	Jones, Baker, and Williams (1990)
\citep*{jon90}	(Jones, Baker, and Williams, 1990)

Please refer to the “natbib” package documentation for guidance on other citation commands.

This section is set with a \appendix command. All the other commands used to set section heads, tables, and figures inside this section remain the same as the main body text.

The basic bibliography environment is accepted for setting a reference section:

\begin{thebibliography}{9}
\bibitem{bib1} ...
\bibitem{bib2} ...
\end{thebibliography}

However, BiBTeX is the preferred format for references. BiBTeX automates most of the work involved in references for articles. Using BiBTeX options, both citations and references can be automatically updated to the preferred reference style. That is, you need not apply reference style tags for each element manually; it promotes structured writing. Basically, BiBTeX works with two parts of the references: content and style. The content is stored separately in a plain text database file called .bib, in which each entry is structured to distingiush diferent types of entries and fields. The style and presentation of the database content are processed with the help of BiBTeX program using a style file called .bst (bibliography style file).

You are requested to use the sample bib file “reference.bib” provided as a base for preparing your own .bib file. For the “author-year” citation style, use “abbrvnat” bst and for “numbered” citation style use “plain” bst, by adding the following instructions to the preamble.

1. 1.

   author-year citation style = \bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}

2. 2.

   numbered citation style = \bibliographystyle{unsrt}

Then include your .bib file at the end of your document as shown below:

\bibliography{<bib-file-without-extension>}

To generate the .bbl file, you should only need to compile LaTeX/PDFLaTeXonce, then BIBTeX, then LaTeX/PDFLaTeXtwice more. The resulting bibliography is ready for typesetting with all formatting tags rendered according to the chosen reference style. For more details, please visit http://www.bibtex.org.