Instructions for the Preparation of an
Electronic Camera-Ready Manuscript in
LaTeX

The text output area is automatically set within an area 12.4 cm horizontally and 20 cm vertically. Please do not use any LaTeX or TeX commands that affect the layout or formatting of your document (i.e. commands like \textheight, \textwidth, etc.).

The font type for running text (body text) is 10 point Times New Roman. There is no need to code normal type (roman text). For literal text, please use typewriter (\texttt{}) or sans serif (\textsf{}). Italic (\emph{}) or boldface (\textbf{}) should be used for emphasis.

Use single (1.0) line spacing throughout the document. For the main body of the paper use the commands of the standard LaTeX “article” class. You can add packages or declare new LaTeX functions if and only if there is no conflict between your packages and the IOS-Book-Article.

Always give a \label where possible and use \ref for cross-referencing.

Use the standard LaTeX commands for headings: \section, \subsection, \subsubsection, \paragraph. Headings will be automatically numbered.

Use initial capitals in the headings, except for articles (a, an, the), coordinate conjunctions (and, or, nor), and prepositions, unless they appear at the beginning of the heading.

Please keep footnotes to a minimum. If they take up more space than roughly 10% of the type area, list them as endnotes, before the References. Footnotes and endnotes should both be numbered in arabic numerals and, in the case of endnotes, preceded by the heading “Endnotes”.

Please use the Vancouver citing & reference system, and the National Library of Medicine (NLM) style.

Place citations as numbers in square brackets in the text. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references at the end of the manuscript. List the references in the order in which they appear in the text. Some examples of the NLM style:

If your bibliography is structured in the BibTeX format, loading your *.bib file and the provided BibTeX style vancouver.bst allows you to get the final format of the bibliography. Please note that the bibtex program should be used to generate the *.bbl file.

The text should include references to all illustrations. Refer to illustrations in the text as Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1, Figure 2, etc., not with the section or chapter number included, e.g. Table 3.2, Figure 4.3, etc. Do not use the words “below” or “above” referring to the tables, figures, etc.

Do not collect illustrations at the back of your article, but incorporate them in the text. Position tables and figures with at least 2 lines extra space between them and the running text.

Illustrations should be centered on the page, except for small figures that can fit side by side inside the type area. Tables and figures should not have text wrapped alongside.

Place figure captions below the figure, table captions above the table. Use bold for table/figure labels and numbers, e.g.: Table 1., Figure 2., and roman for the text of the caption. Keep table and figure captions justified. Center short figure captions only.

The minimum font size for characters in tables is 8 points, and for lettering in other illustrations, 6 points.

On maps and other figures where a scale is needed, use bar scales rather than numerical ones of the type 1:10,000.

Embed the fonts used if the application provides that option. Ensure consistency by using similar sizes and fonts for a group of small figures. To add lettering to figures, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts) to avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.

Avoid using illustrations taken from the Web. The resolution of images intended for viewing on a screen is not sufficient for the printed version of the book.

If you are incorporating screen captures, keep in mind that the text may not be legible after reproduction.

Please note, that illustrations will only be printed in color if the volume editor agrees to pay the production costs for color printing. Color in illustrations will be retained in the online (ebook) edition.

Check once more that all the text and illustrations are inside the type area and that the type area is used to the maximum. You may of course end a page with one or more blank lines to avoid ‘widow’ headings, or at the end of a chapter.

Use initial capitals in the title and headings, except for articles (a, an, the), coordinate conjunctions (and, or, nor), and prepositions, unless they appear at the beginning of the title or heading.

You do not need to include page numbers or running headlines. These elements will be added by the publisher.