\jyear

2021

[1,2]\fnmFirst \surAuthor

\equalcont

These authors contributed equally to this work.

\equalcont

These authors contributed equally to this work.

[1]\orgdivDepartment, \orgnameOrganization, \orgaddress\streetStreet, \cityCity, \postcode100190, \stateState, \countryCountry

2]\orgdivDepartment, \orgnameOrganization, \orgaddress\streetStreet, \cityCity, \postcode10587, \stateState, \countryCountry

3]\orgdivDepartment, \orgnameOrganization, \orgaddress\streetStreet, \cityCity, \postcode610101, \stateState, \countryCountry

Article Title

[email protected] \fnmSecond \surAuthor [email protected] \fnmThird \surAuthor [email protected] * [ [

Abstract

The abstract serves both as a general introduction to the topic and as a brief, non-technical summary of the main results and their implications. Authors are advised to check the author instructions for the journal they are submitting to for word limits and if structural elements like subheadings, citations, or equations are permitted.

keywords:

keyword1, Keyword2, Keyword3, Keyword4

1 Introduction

The Introduction section, of referenced text bib1 expands on the background of the work (some overlap with the Abstract is acceptable). The introduction should not include subheadings.

Springer Nature does not impose a strict layout as standard however authors are advised to check the individual requirements for the journal they are planning to submit to as there may be journal-level preferences. When preparing your text please also be aware that some stylistic choices are not supported in full text XML (publication version), including coloured font. These will not be replicated in the typeset article if it is accepted.

2 Results

Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text.

3 This is an example for first level head—section head

3.1 This is an example for second level head—subsection head

3.1.1 This is an example for third level head—subsubsection head

Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text. Sample body text.

4 Equations

Equations in LaTeX can either be inline or on-a-line by itself (“display equations”). For inline equations use the $...$ commands. E.g.: The equation $H\psi=E\psi$ is written via the command $H \psi = E \psi$ .

For display equations (with auto generated equation numbers) one can use the equation or align environments:

\|\tilde{X}(k)\|^{2}\leq\frac{\sum\limits_{i=1}^{p}\left\|\tilde{Y}_{i}(k)\right\|^{2}+\sum\limits_{j=1}^{q}\left\|\tilde{Z}_{j}(k)\right\|^{2}}{p+q}.

(1)

where,

	$\displaystyle D_{\mu}$	$\displaystyle=\partial_{\mu}-ig\frac{\lambda^{a}}{2}A^{a}_{\mu}$
	$\displaystyle F^{a}_{\mu\nu}$	$\displaystyle=\partial_{\mu}A^{a}_{\nu}-\partial_{\nu}A^{a}_{\mu}+gf^{abc}A^{b}_{\mu}A^{a}_{\nu}$		(2)

Notice the use of \nonumber in the align environment at the end of each line, except the last, so as not to produce equation numbers on lines where no equation numbers are required. The \label{} command should only be used at the last line of an align environment where \nonumber is not used.

Y_{\infty}=\left(\frac{m}{\textrm{GeV}}\right)^{-3}\left[1+\frac{3\ln(m/\textrm{GeV})}{15}+\frac{\ln(c_{2}/5)}{15}\right]

(3)

The class file also supports the use of \mathbb{}, \mathscr{} and \mathcal{} commands. As such \mathbb{R}, \mathscr{R} and \mathcal{R} produces $\mathbb{R}$ , $\mathscr{R}$ and $\mathcal{R}$ respectively (refer Subsubsection 3.1.1).

5 Tables

Tables can be inserted via the normal table and tabular environment. To put footnotes inside tables you should use \footnotetext[]{...} tag. The footnote appears just below the table itself (refer Tables 1 and 2). For the corresponding footnotemark use \footnotemark[...]

Table 1: Caption text

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4
row 1	data 1	data 2	data 3
row 2	data 4	data 5¹¹1Example for a first table footnote. This is an example of table footnote.	data 6
row 3	data 7	data 8	data 9²²2Example for a second table footnote. This is an example of table footnote.
\botrule

⁰⁰footnotetext: Source: This is an example of table footnote. This is an example of table footnote.

The input format for the above table is as follows:

\begin{table}[<placement-specifier>]
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{<preferred-table-width>}
\caption{<table-caption>}\label{<table-label>}%
\begin{tabular}{@{}llll@{}}
\toprule
Column 1 & Column 2 & Column 3 & Column 4\\
\midrule
row 1 & data 1 & data 2Ψ & data 3 \\
row 2 & data 4 & data 5\footnotemark[1] & data 6 \\
row 3 & data 7 & data 8Ψ & data 9\footnotemark[2]\\
\botrule
\end{tabular}
\footnotetext{Source: This is an example of table footnote.
This is an example of table footnote.}
\footnotetext[1]{Example for a first table footnote.
This is an example of table footnote.}
\footnotetext[2]{Example for a second table footnote.
This is an example of table footnote.}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\end{table}

Table 2: Example of a lengthy table which is set to full textwidth

	Element 1¹¹1Example for a first table footnote.			Element 2²²2Example for a second table footnote.
Project	Energy	$\sigma_{calc}$	$\sigma_{expt}$	Energy	$\sigma_{calc}$	$\sigma_{expt}$
Element 3	990 A	1168	$1547\pm 12$	780 A	1166	$1239\pm 100$
Element 4	500 A	961	$922\pm 10$	900 A	1268	$1092\pm 40$
\botrule

⁰⁰footnotetext: Note: This is an example of table footnote. This is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote.

In case of double column layout, tables which do not fit in single column width should be set to full text width. For this, you need to use \begin{table*} ... \end{table*} instead of \begin{table} ... \end{table} environment. Lengthy tables which do not fit in textwidth should be set as rotated table. For this, you need to use \begin{sidewaystable} ... \end{sidewaystable} instead of \begin{table*} ... \end{table*} environment. This environment puts tables rotated to single column width. For tables rotated to double column width, use \begin{sidewaystable*} ... \end{sidewaystable*}.

\sidewaystablefn

Table 3: Tables which are too long to fit, should be written using the “sidewaystable” environment as shown here

	Element 1¹¹1This is an example of table footnote.			Element²²footnotemark: 2
Projectile	Energy	$\sigma_{calc}$	$\sigma_{expt}$	Energy	$\sigma_{calc}$	$\sigma_{expt}$
Element 3	990 A	1168	$1547\pm 12$	780 A	1166	$1239\pm 100$
Element 4	500 A	961	$922\pm 10$	900 A	1268	$1092\pm 40$
Element 5	990 A	1168	$1547\pm 12$	780 A	1166	$1239\pm 100$
Element 6	500 A	961	$922\pm 10$	900 A	1268	$1092\pm 40$
\botrule

⁰⁰footnotetext: Note: This is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote this is an example of table footnote.

6 Figures

As per the LaTeX standards you need to use eps images for LaTeX compilation and pdf/jpg/png images for PDFLaTeX compilation. This is one of the major difference between LaTeX and PDFLaTeX. Each image should be from a single input .eps/vector image file. Avoid using subfigures. The command for inserting images for LaTeX and PDFLaTeX can be generalized. The package used to insert images in LaTeX/PDFLaTeX is the graphicx package. Figures can be inserted via the normal figure environment as shown in the below example:

\begin{figure}[<placement-specifier>]
\centering
\includegraphics{<eps-file>}
\caption{<figure-caption>}\label{<figure-label>}
\end{figure}

Refer to caption — Figure 1: This is a widefig. This is an example of long caption this is an example of long caption this is an example of long caption this is an example of long caption

In case of double column layout, the above format puts figure captions/images to single column width. To get spanned images, we need to provide \begin{figure*} ... \end{figure*}.

For sample purpose, we have included the width of images in the optional argument of \includegraphics tag. Please ignore this.

7 Algorithms, Program codes and Listings

Packages algorithm, algorithmicx and algpseudocode are used for setting algorithms in LaTeX using the format:

\begin{algorithm}
\caption{<alg-caption>}\label{<alg-label>}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
. . .
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

You may refer above listed package documentations for more details before setting algorithm environment. For program codes, the “program” package is required and the command to be used is \begin{program} ... \end{program}. A fast exponentiation procedure:

\=\+begin for \=\+ $i:=1$ $\@ifatmargin\ \mbox{\rm\bf\sf to}\ 10$ $\@ifatmargin\ \mbox{\rm\bf\sf step}\ 1$ $\@ifatmargin\ \mbox{\rm\bf\sf do}\$